That’s incorrect. A person willing to sacrifice themselves isn’t a curator. A curator is a caretaker, manager, or overseer, often of a museum or collection. The provided definition is far too broad and inaccurate. While a curator might *help*, their primary role isn’t self-sacrifice. Consider these alternatives for someone willing to sacrifice themselves:
Martyr: Someone who suffers persecution and death for their beliefs.
Altruist: Someone who is unselfishly concerned for or devoted to the welfare of others.
Self-sacrificing individual: A general term encompassing various motivations for selflessness, such as love, duty, or a strong moral code. This term is broad but avoids the inaccuracies of “curator”.
Hero: While not strictly limited to self-sacrifice, a hero often displays selflessness and courage in the face of danger, sometimes leading to self-sacrifice.
Note: The context in which “self-sacrifice” is used is crucial. In a fictional setting, the term might be used differently than in a historical or philosophical one. Always consider the specific situation before choosing a term.
What does it mean to sacrifice oneself?
Sacrificing yourself in esports means prioritizing your team’s success over your personal stats or accolades. It’s about making the tough calls, like giving up a kill for a crucial objective control, or taking a risky play to secure a victory for your team even if it means a higher chance of your own death or a lower KDA. Think of it like a support player sacrificing their farm to enable their carry, or a tank absorbing damage to protect their DPS. This selfless act, though it might not always be flashy, is crucial for team synergy and winning matches. While individual performance is important, ultimate victory requires strategic self-sacrifice, a concept reflected in concepts like “team fighting” and “objective control”. It’s understanding that a bigger win for your team trumps personal glory, even if it leads to a lower personal ranking or fewer highlight reels.
What is the name for a person capable of self-sacrifice?
The term for someone capable of self-sacrifice is multifaceted and depends heavily on context. While words like selfless, altruistic, benevolent, and charitable all hint at the act, they don’t fully encapsulate the strategic element often found in competitive scenarios. Think of a support player in a MOBA sacrificing their own farm or positioning to enable a teammate’s crucial play. This isn’t simply altruism; it’s a calculated risk-reward assessment prioritizing team victory. The effectiveness hinges on game sense, predictive analysis, and a deep understanding of team dynamics. Analyzing such plays requires dissecting not just the immediate sacrifice but also its long-term impact on map control, objective securing, and overall strategic advantage. Furthermore, the “value” of the sacrifice can be quantitatively measured, particularly in esports with quantifiable metrics like KDA (Kills, Deaths, Assists) and gold differential. A successful self-sacrifice significantly increases the likelihood of a win, demonstrating a sophisticated understanding beyond simple benevolence.
In short, while dictionary definitions offer a basic understanding, the esports analyst must consider the strategic nuance, calculated risk, and measurable impact when evaluating acts of “self-sacrifice.” The term “calculated sacrifice” might be a more accurate description in the context of competitive gaming.
What is it called when a person is willing to sacrifice themselves for others?
So, you’re asking about that selfless sacrifice thing, right? The term for that is altruism. Think of it as the ultimate “hard difficulty” setting in the game of life – choosing the “self-destruct” option to ensure the party’s survival. It’s a pretty hardcore move.
The term was coined by Auguste Comte, a philosopher who basically laid out the blueprint for this whole “living for others” concept. He saw it as the ultimate boss fight against societal selfishness, a key to unlocking a more humane world. Think of it as a massive, long-term questline.
Now, here’s the interesting part: Altruism isn’t always a clear-cut win condition. It’s not as simple as a binary “good” or “bad”.
- Hidden Costs: Sometimes, sacrificing yourself can actually lead to a game over for everyone. Think of it as a poorly planned, reckless charge into a horde of enemies.
- Motivation Matters: Are you doing it for genuine selfless reasons, or is there some hidden personal gain lurking beneath the surface? This is your hidden character stat. A high altruism score may mask a selfish agenda if not done correctly.
- Different Levels of Difficulty: Altruism isn’t a one-size-fits-all deal. It ranges from small acts of kindness (the easy mode) to full-on heroic self-sacrifice (the nightmare difficulty).
Comte’s vision was a pretty ambitious endgame, but understanding the nuances of altruism – the hidden mechanics, the potential glitches, and the various difficulty levels – helps navigate this complex gameplay.
What is the meaning of self-sacrifice?
Self-sacrifice? Think of it as the ultimate “hard difficulty” setting in the game of life. You’re willingly lowering your own stats – happiness, comfort, even health – to boost the stats of another player or the entire party. It’s a risky move, often a permanent stat reduction, but the potential rewards are massive: achieving a critical success condition (saving someone’s life, for instance), unlocking hidden achievements (deepening relationships, gaining respect), and even gaining a powerful buff (increased self-worth, lasting positive memories).
The mechanics:
- Resource Management: You’re trading your finite resources (time, energy, well-being) for another’s benefit. Consider the opportunity cost – what else could you have achieved with those resources?
- Risk Assessment: Is the sacrifice proportional to the potential outcome? A small sacrifice for a huge reward? A game-ending sacrifice for a minor objective? This is where your strategic thinking comes into play.
- Emotional Investment: Your emotional connection with the beneficiary heavily impacts the “success rate” of your sacrifice. A deeper connection makes the sacrifice feel more worthwhile, even if the outcome isn’t guaranteed.
Different Types of Self-Sacrifice (Playstyles):
- The “Support” Class: Constant, smaller sacrifices – acts of kindness, generosity, empathy – keep your allies strong and well-equipped throughout the game. Consistent, sustainable support.
- The “Tank”: The big, dramatic sacrifice – absorbing damage, taking risks, even laying down your life for a greater cause. High-risk, high-reward.
- The “Healer”: Restoring the health and well-being of others, even if it means draining your own resources. An ongoing commitment to the well-being of others.
Important Note: Avoid “griefing” – sacrificing yourself pointlessly or recklessly without a clear understanding of the potential gains and losses. Self-sacrifice is most effective when it’s part of a calculated strategy and not a desperate, impulsive action.
What do you call a person who sacrifices themselves for a cause?
The term “self-sacrificing” is a good starting point, but it’s simplistic. A more nuanced understanding requires exploring the motivations behind the sacrifice. While synonyms like altruistic, benevolent, and charitable point towards selfless acts, they don’t fully encompass the spectrum of self-sacrifice.
Consider the context: Is the sacrifice driven by a deep-seated moral conviction, a sense of duty, or perhaps even a misguided belief? Understanding the driving force behind the action provides a richer understanding of the individual. For example, a soldier sacrificing themselves in battle might be described as heroic or patriotic, highlighting different aspects of their motivation compared to a religious figure undertaking self-mortification for spiritual reasons.
Furthermore, the word martyr denotes a specific type of self-sacrifice, typically involving death for a cause. This term carries strong connotations of unwavering faith and often inspires others. However, the term “martyr” can also be applied controversially, requiring careful consideration of the context.
Therefore, selecting the most appropriate term depends heavily on the specifics of the situation and the individual’s motivations. Avoid generic labels and strive for precision in your descriptions.
What is the name for a person who is willing to sacrifice themselves for others?
The term “self-sacrificing individual” in the context of esports leadership could be analyzed through the lens of “toxic altruism.” While a selfless leader prioritizes team success above personal gain – a crucial element for success – a dangerous pattern emerges when this dedication morphs into a “life for the team” mentality. This can manifest as neglecting personal well-being, burning out, or making consistently poor decisions due to emotional exhaustion. Such leaders, often lauded for their dedication, may exhibit unhealthy behaviors like ignoring their own needs, constantly pushing for more from players beyond reasonable limits, or accepting unfair treatment in an attempt to preserve team harmony.
Effective esports leadership requires a different approach. While altruism—prioritizing the team’s needs—is positive, it must be balanced with self-care and healthy boundaries. A sustainable and successful leader understands that their well-being directly impacts their ability to effectively guide and support the team. Burnout isn’t merely a personal problem; it directly translates to reduced strategic thinking, weaker decision-making, and ultimately, decreased team performance. Instead of a self-destructive “life for the team” approach, optimal leadership incorporates self-preservation as a necessary component of effective altruism. This means setting realistic goals, prioritizing mental health, and fostering a team environment that values individual needs alongside collective success. The most effective “self-sacrificing” esports leader is not the one who exhausts themselves, but the one who strategically manages their resources – both their own and their team’s.
Why do people sacrifice themselves for others?
Look, kid, self-sacrifice? That’s a classic “negative buff” exploit. Low self-worth? That’s a debuff stacking like crazy. You’re talking about a character with cripplingly low self-esteem stats triggering a bizarre self-flagellation questline. They’re essentially trading their own HP for temporary “meaning” EXP. It’s a terrible strategy, inefficient and often leads to a game over. The reward? A fleeting sense of purpose, a pathetic loot drop compared to the ultimate sacrifice.
Think of it like this: many triggering events – betrayals, failures, major debuffs to social standing – act as negative status effects. The character, desperate to cleanse these debuffs, attempts to override their low self-worth through a suicidal act of selflessness, a desperate attempt to earn a temporary “positive status effect” of social recognition. It’s a high-risk, low-reward strategy, a last-ditch effort to achieve a feeling of worth before the final boss fight. It’s rarely a winning strategy in the long run. The game designers really need to patch this exploit.
There are more effective ways to level up the “self-worth” stat. Find a decent party, complete side quests that focus on self-improvement, grind through tough challenges to gain experience and confidence. Self-sacrifice is a glitched path, leading to a game over more often than not. Don’t fall for it. There are better ways to win.
Why do people sacrifice themselves?
So, you’re asking why people self-sacrifice? Think of it like a really messed-up RPG character build. Their childhood – that’s your character creation screen – went horribly wrong. Basic emotional needs? Left unfulfilled. Coping mechanisms? Seriously glitched. They ended up with the “Self-Sacrifice” perk, a completely broken passive ability.
Here’s the breakdown:
- The Glitch: They prioritize others’ needs above their own, almost always. It’s like they have a permanently active “buff” increasing others’ stats at the expense of their own HP and MP.
- The Root Cause: Fear of disapproval. Failing a quest (disappointing someone) causes massive penalties – way worse than dying in a dungeon. This fear overrides common sense and self-preservation.
It’s a classic case of a poorly optimized character. They’ve maxed out “Empathy” but neglected “Self-Care” and “Self-Esteem.” This makes them incredibly vulnerable to exploitation. They’re essentially playing on Hard Mode with a broken build, constantly taking damage and never healing.
Think of it in terms of common game mechanics:
- Low Self-Worth (Stat): Constantly taking debuffs. Think “Vulnerable” or “Weakened.”
- High Need for External Validation (Stat): Dependent on external rewards (approval) instead of internal rewards (self-satisfaction).
- Poor Boundary Setting (Skill): Unable to effectively deflect damage (negative interactions). They let everyone hit them with their attacks.
In short: It’s a character flaw, a game mechanic gone wrong. A self-sacrifice build might seem altruistic on the surface, but it’s ultimately a recipe for burnout and unhappiness – a game they can’t possibly win unless they respec their character and learn some proper self-care skills.
What do you call a person who sacrificed their life for others?
The term “martyr” accurately describes an individual sacrificing their life for others, a concept relevant in esports, albeit in a less literal sense. While we don’t see players literally dying for the team, the dedication and sacrifice demanded by professional esports often mirror this. Consider the grueling training regimens, the countless hours spent perfecting strategies, the personal sacrifices made to prioritize practice and competition over other aspects of life. These athletes are effectively “martyring” their personal time and comfort for the pursuit of victory, mirroring the selflessness of a historical martyr.
Furthermore, the concept extends beyond individual players. A team captain might sacrifice their own individual performance for the overall success of the team, making strategic plays that benefit their teammates even if it means personal statistical losses. This strategic self-sacrifice directly reflects the core meaning of martyrdom; a selfless act for the greater good.
The psychological pressures and societal expectations placed on professional esports athletes also contribute to this parallel. The intense competition, the scrutiny of fans and media, and the constant pressure to perform at the highest level demand a level of dedication and perseverance that aligns with the sacrifice implied by the term “martyr”. Therefore, while the physical cost might differ drastically, the underlying principle of profound self-sacrifice for a higher purpose resonates strongly between historical martyrs and dedicated esports professionals.
How can you tell if someone is playing the victim?
Spotting a “victim” personality is like identifying a recurring boss fight pattern in a game. The key tell is the constant, direct or indirect, blaming of external factors for their in-game failures. They never take responsibility for a wipe, a failed quest, or a missed opportunity; instead, they blame the party composition, the game’s mechanics (which are, of course, “broken”), or even the developers themselves. This is similar to real-life “victims” never acknowledging their own role in negative situations, be it relationship problems, job loss, or health issues. They never admit to their own mistakes or poor choices.
However, observe carefully – just like a skillful player capitalizes on lucky breaks, a “victim” will often claim full credit for any positive outcomes. They were the reason for that unexpected victory, that random drop of legendary loot, that lucky escape. This selective attribution of responsibility is a core mechanic of the “victim” character. It’s a gameplay loop of shifting blame and claiming undue credit, a repetitive strategy designed to avoid facing the consequences of their own actions. This behavior can be incredibly frustrating to play alongside in a cooperative setting, just as it is in real life. Understanding this pattern allows you to anticipate their actions, strategize better, and even help them learn to take ownership of their successes and failures.
Why do people sacrifice themselves?
So, you’re asking about the “self-sacrifice” achievement, huh? It’s a tough one, believe me. I’ve seen countless playthroughs where players unlock it…often unintentionally. Low self-esteem? That’s like starting the game on Hard Mode with a broken controller. Fear of loss? Think of it as a crippling debuff that prevents you from using essential skills. A sense of duty? That’s a questline you’ll never escape until you complete it, often at great personal cost. And the desire for control? That’s trying to micromanage every NPC, which usually ends badly. You’re essentially spending all your resources on a single, risky objective, ignoring your own health bar and relationship stats.
The problem is, this strategy rarely results in a “Good Ending.” You might “win” in the short term, but ignoring your own needs is a surefire way to trigger a game over. The lack of self-care is a guaranteed negative modifier, stacking up debuffs like relationship decay, burnout, and eventually, a complete mental and physical crash. You’ll end up with a miserable character build, unable to enjoy any of the rewards, even if you succeed in your sacrificial quest. Think of it like sacrificing all your gold for a single, ultimately useless item. Better to invest in yourself, balance your stats, and actually *live* the game.
It’s a common rookie mistake, but a veteran player knows to manage their resources wisely. Prioritize self-preservation. Learn to say “no” sometimes. Focus on building strong, healthy relationships. You’ll find that a well-rounded character achieves far more satisfying and lasting results than any fleeting triumph gained through self-sacrifice.
What is the value of self-sacrifice?
Sacrifice? In esports, it’s a core mechanic. We see it constantly – the individual sacrifice of farm for a team fight, the strategic surrender of a lane to secure an objective. It’s not always glamorous, often unseen by the casual viewer. But the value? It’s immeasurable.
Think about it: the countless hours grinding practice, sacrificing social life and sleep for that crucial edge. That’s personal sacrifice, fueling the relentless pursuit of victory. You don’t always get the highlight reel, the MVP title, but the team benefits. And that shared victory, that collective achievement? That’s the reward.
- Individual Growth: Sacrificing immediate gratification for long-term goals hones discipline and resilience – essential esports traits.
- Team Synergy: Sacrifice builds trust and understanding. When players consistently put the team first, synergy blossoms, leading to superior performance and strategic depth.
- Mental Fortitude: Sacrificing comfort zones, facing defeats, learning from mistakes – these are all critical components of developing a champion’s mindset.
Beyond the game, this translates to real life. The dedication, the teamwork, the ability to overcome adversity – these are transferable skills. You learn to prioritize, to collaborate, and to understand the power of collective action, all while fostering empathy and contributing positively to the wider community. It’s not just about winning; it’s about the journey, the growth, and the profound impact of selfless action.
- Strategic Sacrifice: Consider a pro player giving up early game dominance to secure a late-game advantage. This isn’t weakness, it’s calculated risk and strategic sacrifice.
- Personal Sacrifice: Many pros sacrifice personal relationships and leisure time to pursue their esports dreams. This discipline leads to mastery and, ultimately, success.
Ultimately, sacrifice isn’t about loss, but about calculated investment. It’s about understanding the greater good and contributing to a shared vision. In esports, and in life.
What is it called when someone sacrifices themselves?
That’s called self-sacrifice. It’s a powerful narrative device in games, often leading to significant narrative impact and player emotional investment. Think of it as a high-risk, high-reward mechanic.
Synonyms highlighting different aspects include:
- Altruism: Focuses on the selfless act, benefitting others without expectation of reward.
- Benevolence: Emphasizes the kindness and goodwill driving the sacrifice.
- Charity: Highlights the giving nature, often involving a tangible resource.
- Selflessness: Purely emphasizes the lack of self-interest.
Game Design Considerations:
- Narrative Weight: The impact depends heavily on character build-up and the context of the sacrifice. A well-developed character’s sacrifice will resonate more deeply than a nameless NPC’s.
- Player Agency: Give the player meaningful choices. Did they *choose* the sacrifice? Or were they forced into it? This affects player emotional response. A chosen sacrifice is often more impactful.
- Consequences: What are the immediate and long-term effects of the sacrifice? Does it affect the game world? Other characters? The impact of the sacrifice should have gameplay implications, not just narrative ones.
- Reward Structure: How does the game reward (or not reward) this act of self-sacrifice? A simple “Game Over” might not be the best way to handle it. Consider alternative methods of acknowledging the sacrifice, like unlocking a new storyline or providing an advantage to allies.
Examples in Games: Many games explore self-sacrifice, often using it as a pivotal plot point. Analyzing how different games handle it can provide valuable insights for your own game design.
What personality type plays the victim role?
The “Victim” Archetype in Games: More Than Just a Damsel
While the “damsel in distress” is a classic trope, the manipulative victim is a far more nuanced character. Think less “helpless princess” and more “master manipulator pulling the strings from behind the scenes.” This personality is often associated with narcissistic personality traits, reflected in game characters who:
- Seek constant attention and sympathy: Their plight is always the most dramatic, overshadowing the struggles of others.
- Exaggerate their suffering: Minor inconveniences become catastrophic events demanding immediate rescue.
- Blame others for their problems: Never taking responsibility for their own actions or choices.
- Lack empathy: Unable to understand or care about the suffering of others, even while demanding compassion for themselves.
Designing the Manipulative Victim:
- Subtlety is key: Avoid making the character overtly villainous. The manipulation should be subtle, revealed through their actions and interactions rather than outright statements.
- Contrasting motivations: Give the character hidden desires or goals that drive their behavior, even if those goals are selfish.
- Unreliable narration: Let the player piece together the truth through fragmented clues and shifting perspectives.
- Moral ambiguity: Avoid making the character purely good or evil. Let players question their actions and motivations.
Examples in Games: (This section would ideally include specific game examples and analyses, but is omitted as per the prompt’s instructions.)
By understanding the psychological underpinnings of the manipulative victim archetype, game developers can create more compelling and complex characters that go beyond the simplistic “damsel in distress” trope, leading to richer narratives and more engaging gameplay.
What is it called when someone plays the victim?
The “playing the victim” behavior, or what’s more formally studied as victimology and victimogenic syndrome, is a complex dynamic with significant implications across multiple disciplines, including psychology, psychiatry, criminology, and even game design. It’s not simply a personality trait; it’s a learned behavior, often a coping mechanism developed in response to past trauma or perceived powerlessness. In game analysis, we see this manifested as “victim mentality” in players – a tendency to blame external factors (other players, game mechanics, etc.) for failures, rather than acknowledging personal shortcomings or strategic errors. This can be incredibly disruptive to gameplay and team dynamics, leading to toxicity and decreased enjoyment for everyone involved.
From a game design perspective, understanding victimology helps in predicting player behavior and designing countermeasures. For example, clear and consistent feedback mechanisms can mitigate the feeling of helplessness that fuels victim mentality. Furthermore, creating opportunities for players to demonstrate agency and control over their in-game experience can prevent the development of victim narratives. Conversely, poorly designed systems that consistently punish players without clear reasons or opportunities for redress can inadvertently foster this behavior.
Analyzing player behavior through the lens of victimology allows us to identify patterns of learned helplessness and self-defeating strategies. This understanding informs design choices that encourage player growth, accountability, and ultimately, a more positive and engaging gameplay experience. The identification of “victim mentality” players is also crucial for moderation and community management strategies. Understanding the underlying psychological factors can assist in developing interventions aimed at fostering positive behavior changes within the game community.
Beyond simply labeling players, a deeper understanding of victimology emphasizes the need for empathy and tailored solutions. A player exhibiting a victim mentality may not be intentionally manipulative but may require support and guidance to develop healthier coping mechanisms and strategies. This understanding highlights the importance of nuanced community management and player support systems within the game ecosystem.
What is the term for the situation where someone always plays the victim?
Ever noticed that NPC who’s *always* whining about their problems, blaming everyone but themselves? That’s the Victim Mentality in action – a persistent character trait where the individual perceives themselves as perpetually victimized, regardless of the facts. It’s a gameplay mechanic, a personality bug if you will, that impacts their interactions and choices.
In game design, this can be a powerful tool. Imagine:
- Quest Giver with Victim Mentality: Their quests are always framed as desperate pleas, even for simple tasks. They might offer poor rewards because they believe they deserve nothing better.
- Enemy with Victim Mentality: This villain might be surprisingly sympathetic, justifying their actions as a response to past injustices, even if those injustices are minor or self-inflicted.
- Party Member with Victim Mentality: This character would constantly need reassurance and support, diverting resources and potentially hindering the party’s progress.
Understanding the victim mentality allows for richer character development. For example:
- Identifying Triggers: What events shaped their victim mentality? This backstory adds depth and could drive compelling narrative arcs.
- Exploring Breaking Points: How can their perspective be challenged? Can they overcome their self-perception? This offers opportunities for character growth and player engagement.
- Showing, not Telling: Avoid overt exposition. Let the player observe the character’s behavior and interactions to deduce their victim mentality. This creates a more believable and immersive experience.
Ultimately, the victim mentality, when thoughtfully implemented, can add layers of complexity and realism to game characters, creating more memorable and engaging experiences for players.
How does a person behave when in a victim mentality?
So, the victim mentality? Think of it like a hard-stuck player refusing to adapt their strategy. They see every loss as the game being rigged, the enemy team as cheaters, the matchmaking as broken. They’re constantly blaming external factors – the meta, their teammates, lag – instead of focusing on improving their own gameplay. It’s a complete lack of agency.
They’re stuck in a negative feedback loop. Every setback reinforces their belief that they’re powerless, making them less likely to learn from mistakes and more likely to repeat them. This leads to a cycle of frustration and self-pity, a permanent “noob” mindset, even if they’re actually quite skilled in certain aspects of the game.
It’s a tough one to break, like trying to solo a raid boss you’re massively under-geared for. You need to identify your weaknesses – those are your “bad habits” – and consciously work on improving them. That’s where you start to take back control. Stop blaming the “rigged game” and start leveling up your own skills. This might mean seeking guidance from experienced players, practicing consistently, or even just changing your attitude. It’s all about gaining agency, taking responsibility, and focusing on what *you* can control. You’re not powerless – you’re just under-leveled.
Think of it this way: are you focusing on improving your K/D ratio, or are you complaining about the map design? The answer determines where you’ll be in six months.
What do you call a person who always plays the victim?
The “victim” archetype, frequently employed by manipulative players, isn’t a genuine reflection of vulnerability, but a strategic role within a broader manipulation tactic. This “victim persona” is a powerful tool in several game mechanics, effectively leveraging empathy and compassion for personal gain.
Core Mechanics of the Victim Role:
- Emotional Exploitation: The player skillfully elicits feelings of pity and sympathy, creating an emotional debt that others feel compelled to repay.
- Shifting Blame and Responsibility: Instead of acknowledging personal contribution to a situation, the player projects blame onto external factors or other players, thus avoiding accountability and consequences.
- Guilt-Tripping: By portraying themselves as perpetually wronged, they indirectly pressure others to act in their favor, leveraging guilt to achieve their objectives.
Advanced Tactics and Variations:
- The “Woe-is-Me” Narrative: A consistent stream of complaints and self-deprecating remarks designed to maintain the victim image and cultivate a sense of perpetual misfortune.
- Selective Vulnerability: The player strategically reveals only specific vulnerabilities to specific targets, maximizing the emotional impact and tailoring the approach to individual players.
- Passive-Aggressive Manipulation: Indirect expressions of resentment and anger disguised as victimhood, making it difficult for others to directly confront the manipulative behavior.
- The “False Choice” Gambit: Presenting a situation where the only apparent solution benefits the victim player, forcing others into a predetermined outcome.
Counter-Strategies: Recognizing the manipulative nature of this role is crucial. Focus on objective analysis of events, identifying inconsistencies in their narrative and actively challenging the implied power dynamic. Direct confrontation is rarely effective, however subtly shifting the focus back onto actions and responsibilities can disrupt the established power structure.